Fastener



Patented Oct. 2i, 1928i.A

PATENT OFFICE.

HEYMAN ROSENBERG, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

FASTENER,

Application led December 22, 1923. Serial No. 682,270.

This invention lrelates to improvements in fasteners for connecting sheets of metal, insulating fiber, or other articles together, and has as its object the provision of a structure susceptible of taking the place of a screw, bolt or rivet.

With this and further objects in view as will in part hereinafter become apparent and in part be stated, the invention comprises cer-4 tain novel constructions, combinations and arrangements of parts as subsequently specified and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings,-

Figure lisa view in side elevation of a fastener embodying the features o-f the present invention, intermediate parts being broken out, and the parts being seen on an exaggerated scale over the sizes ordinarily employedin commerce, the magnification being employed for clearness of disclosure.

Figure 2 is an end view of the same.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary, longitudinal, vertical section showing the relation of a rib to the body and pilot of the fastener.

Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 ofa slightly modified construction.

Figure 5 isa transverse section taken on t-he plane indicated by line 5-5 of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure l of a further slightly modified embodiment.

Referring to the drawings by numerals, 1 indicates a driving head which is formed on the body 4 of the fastener, which body, at the opposite endfrom the head, is provided with a pilot 2. The body 0f the fastener, when initially produced, is cylindrical and is throughout its length of the size of the pilot 2, but the material of the body is caused to flow as by being stamped to form a series of longitudinal ribs 3 having valleys 5 therebetween.

The ribs 3 may be formed otherwise than as stated, and are characterized by terminating at the pilot 2 with the material of the body at the upper end of the pilot partly blockading the valleys between the ribs 3, as indicated at 6. In other words, as clearly Aindicated in Figure 2, each of the ribs 3 extends radially beyond the periphery of the pilot 2 and has its base on a line spaced within the extended lines of the circle described by the periphery of pilot 2. The ribs 3 are, of course, susceptible of variation in size and number, but are preferably of uniform size and propo-rtioned to occupy approximately the same amount of space about the body of the fastener occupied by the valleys between the ribs.

'Ihe fastener is formed preferably of soft iron or soft steel and given its final shape as described, and then is subjected to a case-hardclaims, the term hardened is employed with reference to the ribs to signify that degree of hardness just mentioned.

In operation, when a name plate or other plate is to be fastened to the frame or other base of a machine or other article, or when the fastener is to be for any purpose anchored in substance, the plate and base or other substance is bored, punched, or otherwise formed with an aperture or recess of substantially the same diameter as the periphery of pilot 2. In the instance of a recess instead of an aperture, the recess is made of a depth equal to at least the extent to which the fastener is to be driven into the article or substance. The pilot 2 is then placed in the recess and the head l is struck by a hammer or engaged by any other driving instrument and forced longitudinally into the article or substance to which it is to be connected. When entering metal, the ribs 3 cause the metal to divide and low into the valleys between the ribs to positions so wedged or clogged therein as to afford a great amount of frictional resistance to any stress tending to withdraw the fastener. In addition to this frictional resistance, the material caused to flow into the valleys is thereby caused to overhang the blockade or shoulder 6 at the lower terminus of each valley 5, and the resulting interlock provided an anchorage for the fastener so eiicient as to enable the same to withstand withdrawing stresses as great or greater than those of which a rivet of similar dimensions is capable of withstanding. It should be understood, of course, that where the fastener is applied to fibrous material, such as is employed for electrical insulations and other substances which do not flow, but spring or otherwise move when stressed out of place and when released, the movement of such fibrous'material results in substantially the same mechanical action vthough such movement may not be properly described Vas flowing. In other words,

when the fastener is driven into an aperture or recess formed in insulating liber, the material of the fiber frictionally engages the ribs 3 and interlocks with the shoulder 6 so as to forni` an Aeffective anchorage.

In Figures 4 and 5 thereis illustrated an embodiment in which the body 4 ofthe fastener is of the same diameter as its pilot 2, and the ribs 3 are formed to outstaiid from the body 4. The structure seen in Figures 4 I engaged. Of course, the additional resistance to withdrawal afforded by the interlock formed by shoulder 6 is not present, but the structure seen in Figures 4 and 5 is desirable for light and inexpensive Work.

In Figure 6 is illustrated a further enibodiment corresponding very closely with the showing in Figure 2, but varying therefrom in the fact that the ribs are interrupted in their length. In this structure, the usual head 7 is formed at one end of the body and the usual pilot 8 at the other, and the body is formed with longitudinal ribs 9 and intervening'valleys 10 therebetween, corresponding to the ribs 3 and valleys 5, but, instead of having the ribs 9 extend from the head 7 uninterruptedly to the pilot 8, such ribs are `interrupted .by having a section or sections, 11, 11, omitted, and the body of the fastener leftl in the initial condition corresponding with the dimensions of the pilot 8. At the place of each interruption 1l, therefore, all of the valleys 10 are partly blockaded, as indicated at 12, the same as the blockade 6 in the structure seen in Figure 1, and the same as the blockade 13 for each of said valleys at the upper end of the pilot 8. At the lower portion of the body of the fastener where each interruption 11 occurs, the several valleys 10 begin with a downwardly-facing shouldered portion 14, which is the complement of the blockade 12 immediately above.

In all. the structures described, the ribs are hardened and` arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body. The functioning of the structure seen in Figure 6 is similar to that described with respect to the structureseen in Figure 1, except that the material moving or flowing into the valleys 10 moves or overflows above the blockade 13, and then -is forced out again by the shoulders 14, which are inclined to effect and facilitate this action, and then again overiiow or move to an interlocking position relative to the blockades 12, and so on throughout the length of the fastener until the fastener reaches its final position. Thus, the anchorage effect of the blockades to the valleys is materially-enhanced. It will be understood,

of course, that in referring to direction throughout this description and the appended claims, the assumption is that the fastener is in an upright position with the head uppermost.

The claims herein presented are'specic to the disclosure ofv this application while generic claims are presented in my co-pending application Serial No. 688,428, filed January 25, 1924; my co-pending application Serial No. 502,972, filed September 24, 1921 (since patented under Patent No. 1,482,151), and my co-pending application SerialNo. 631,591, filed April 12, 1923 (since patented under Patent No. 1,485,202).

Vhat is claimed is 1. A fastener of the class described coinprising a Vpin-like body having straight ribs outstanding laterally and extending lengthwise of the body, the ribs being hardened sufiiciently for entering metal, such as soft iron or soft steel, substantially without in]ury to the ribs, and a cylindrical pilot at the. entering end of the body outstanding a distance less than the ribs and beyond the extended lines of the bases of the valleys between the i ribs, so as to present shoulders at'the entering ends of said valleys located to be overiiowed by material entered by the ribs, whereby said shoulders are adapted to interlock with such material.

2. A fastener of the class described coinprising a pin-like body having straight ribs outstanding laterally and extending lengthwise of the body, the ribsbeing hardened suliciently foi' entering metal, such as soft iron or soft steel, substantially without injury to the ribs, and a pilot at the entering end of the body abutting the entering ends of thel ribs and partially closing the valleys between ribs and outstanding less than the outstanding distance of the ribs, and 'located to be overllowed by material entered by the ribs, whereby said pilot at the entering ends of the ribs is adapt-ed to interlock with such material.

3. A fastener comprising a pin-like body having a rib extending parallel to the axis of the body, and a valley extending along'the rib, the rib being interrupted intermediate its ends and the body being formed to blockade the valley at the place of interruption of the rib.

4. A fastener comprising a pin-like body having a rib extending parallel to the .axis of the body, and a valley extending along the rib, the rib being interrupted intermediate its ends andthe body being formed to blockade the valley at the place of interruption of the rib and also at the entering end of the valley.

5. A fastener comprising a vpin-like body having a rib extending parallel to the axis of the body, and a valley extending along the rib,`the rib being interrupted intermediate noemen its ends, and the body being formed to blockade the valley at the place of interruption of the 'rib and also at the entering end of the valley, the body being also formed with an 5 inclined shoulder facing that portion of the valley between the two blockades.

6. A fastener comprising a pin-like body having a rib extending along the same, and a valley at one side of the rib, the body being formed with blockades for the valley at 10 spaced points along the body, and the rib being interrupted alongside the blockades.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

HEYMAN ROSENBERG. 

